Genetic applications in arthroplasty: A review

Genetics is a burgeoning field within adult reconstructive surgery. Genome-wide sequencing has identified genetic variants found to be associated with not only the development of osteoarthritis but also arthroplasty-related complications, such as aseptic loosening, prosthetic joint infection, arthrofibrosis, and postoperative pain. Examples include newer technology, such as next-generation sequencing, in diagnosing culture-negative prosthetic joint infection. Genetics drives new therapeutic technologies, such as gene therapy, gene-editing, and bacteriophage treatment. Although still rare, a handful of phase 3 clinical trials of gene therapy for osteoarthritis have begun to demonstrate efficacy with low-risk profiles. As the field continues to grow, public and professional buy-in as well as cost present challenges.