Geopolitical risks and the transformation of globalization in conditions of uncertainty using the example of developed countries in the Asia-Pacific Region

The subject of the research is the analysis of the impact of geopolitical risks on globalization processes in developed countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APR) during the period from 1995 to 2024. The article examines how geopolitical events and economic upheavals (including the Russian-American confrontation, the US-China trade war, the COVID-19 pandemic, and regional conflicts) influence the dynamics of international economic integration. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of transforming the liberal model of globalization in the context of increasing political uncertainty and sanctions pressure. A detailed analysis is conducted on how developed Asian economies adapt to geopolitical challenges through diversification of trade partnerships, regional integration, and the formation of alternative financial architectures. The research also considers the impact of geopolitical risks on macroeconomic indicators, financial markets, commodity prices, investment flows, and corporate governance practices amid the structural restructuring of the global economic system. The analysis is carried out using regression models with the method of least squares and a generalized linear model based on panel data from seven developed Asian economies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying the ambiguous relationship between geopolitical risks and globalization in developed Asian economies. The obtained results show a positive correlation between the level of geopolitical risk and the globalization index: an increase in geopolitical risk clearly enhances the globalization index. This indicates that developed Asian economies use integration processes as a mechanism to adapt to geopolitical uncertainty. At the same time, the research confirms the negative impact of gross investment in fixed assets and the quality of governance on globalization, as well as the significant role of economic growth in stimulating international integration. In conclusion, it is noted that effective management of geopolitical risks requires comprehensive strategies, including strengthening institutions, diversifying trade partnerships, enhancing regional integration, and developing mechanisms for financial independence from the dollar. The results are limited to the framework of developed Asian economies and require extension to other regions in future research.