IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HEALTH AND AGING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BENEFITS FOR OLDER ADULTS

Introduction: The global aging trend poses major challenges for healthcare systems striving to preserve older adults’ health and well-being. Physical activity stands out as an accessible, low-cost preventive measure that supports both physical and cognitive vitality. Aim of the study: This systematic review evaluates current research on the effects of physical activity on health and aging, focusing on its physiological, psychological, and social benefits for individuals aged 60 and older. Methodology: Peer-reviewed studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were analyzed. Eligible papers examined the health outcomes of various physical activity forms among older adults. Results: Evidence consistently indicates that regular physical activity improves cardiovascular efficiency, muscle strength, and bone density, while reducing fall risk. It also enhances cognitive function and mitigates symptoms of depression and anxiety. Socially, active older adults report greater independence, life satisfaction, and community participation. Conclusions: Consistent physical activity is an effective and essential component of healthy aging. Its inclusion in public health strategies should be prioritized to improve older adults’ quality of life. Future research should refine exercise guidelines and adapt interventions to diverse health and psychosocial conditions in aging populations.