Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV and its vaccine among Bangladeshi men: a qualitative study

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sextually transmitted infection in Bangladesh, affecting both men and women. While the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) prevalence among women is well-documented, there is a significant gap in understanding men's KAP regarding HPV and its vaccine. In this study, we assessed the KAP of Bangladeshi men regarding HPV and its vaccine. We conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study with 30 men aged 16 and above from Dhaka and Barishal in Bangladesh from July 01, 2023, to August 31, 2023. Participants were general population, healthcare workers (HWs) and policymakers. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and interviewed face to face or via zoom using a semi-structured guide. Data were analyzed using NVivo 14 and thematic content analysis using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a guide. We found limited knowledge about HPV and its vaccine among Bangladeshi men, particularly concerning the infection's impact. HWs and policymakers, although more informed, still demonstrated some misconceptions. A general positive attitude towards vaccination was observed, however, cultural, social, and religious factors were identified as barriers to vaccine acceptance. None of the participants had received the HPV vaccine, though some supported female family members were vaccinated. Targeted interventions including education and awareness campaigns and gender-neutral vaccination programs are necessary to improve HPV prevention efforts in Bangladesh.