No Dynamical Time Implies Contradiction 1.2
We prove a structural no-go statement: a physical theory cannot simultaneously satisfy (i) general covariance, (ii) operational time measurement by physical clocks, (iii) unitary quantum evolution for physical predictions, and (iv) globally well-posed causal evolution, if time is treated as a non-dynamical external coordinate parameter. The incompatibility arises because unitarity and well-posed dynamics require a physically meaningful temporal ordering, while general covariance forbids promoting a coordinate label to physical status. We show that any consistent resolution requires a dynamical time structure, either fundamental or relational. Version 1.2 note:This version removes a redundant axiom (local energy–momentum conservation), yielding a strictly minimal axiom set. The theorem, proofs, and conclusions are unchanged.
Authors
- Cale Scott Howe
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2025-12-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18071933
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00