No Dynamical Time Implies Contradiction 1.2

We prove a structural no-go statement: a physical theory cannot simultaneously satisfy (i) general covariance, (ii) operational time measurement by physical clocks, (iii) unitary quantum evolution for physical predictions, and (iv) globally well-posed causal evolution, if time is treated as a non-dynamical external coordinate parameter. The incompatibility arises because unitarity and well-posed dynamics require a physically meaningful temporal ordering, while general covariance forbids promoting a coordinate label to physical status. We show that any consistent resolution requires a dynamical time structure, either fundamental or relational. Version 1.2 note:This version removes a redundant axiom (local energy–momentum conservation), yielding a strictly minimal axiom set. The theorem, proofs, and conclusions are unchanged.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-12-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18071933
Primary Topic
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

No Dynamical Time Implies Contradiction 1.2

Cale Scott Howe
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
article

No Dynamical Time Implies Contradiction 1.2

Cale Scott Howe
article en

Abstract

We prove a structural no-go statement: a physical theory cannot simultaneously satisfy (i) general covariance, (ii) operational time measurement by physical clocks, (iii) unitary quantum evolution for physical predictions, and (iv) globally well-posed causal evolution, if time is treated as a non-dynamical external coordinate parameter. The incompatibility arises because unitarity and well-posed dynamics require a physically meaningful temporal ordering, while general covariance forbids promoting a coordinate label to physical status. We show that any consistent resolution requires a dynamical time structure, either fundamental or relational. Version 1.2 note:This version removes a redundant axiom (local energy–momentum conservation), yielding a strictly minimal axiom set. The theorem, proofs, and conclusions are unchanged.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 31%
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
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