Study on Correlation of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (Hba1c) Levels with The Refractive Status and Ocular Anterior Segment Structures In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition associated with systemic and ocular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and anterior segment parameters—visual acuity (VA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and crystalline lens thickness (CLT)—in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted over one year, enrolling 85 T2DM patients aged above 45 years. HbA1c levels were categorized into four groups. VA was recorded using Snellen’s chart, and ACD and CLT were measured using an A-scan biometer. Results: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between HbA1c and both VA and ACDA significant positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and CLT. These correlations strengthened progressively across the HbA1c groups. Conclusion: Poor glycaemic control in T2DM patients is significantly associated with reduced visual acuity, decreased anterior chamber depth, and increased lens thickness. These findings emphasize the importance of regular ocular evaluations and strict glycaemic control to prevent vision-related complications in diabetic individuals.