A Systematic Review Connecting Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension to Neonatal Outcomes

Abstract Using data from 20 studies published between 2000–2025, this systematic review examines the relationship between pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and neonatal outcomes. 5–10% of pregnancies are affected by PIH, which is defined by elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation and is associated with a range of newborn outcomes. Although some research indicates that preterm newborns with PIH have lower mortality and fewer morbidities, severe PIH and preeclampsia are linked to higher chances of stillbirth, low birth weight, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The review emphasizes how crucial it is to differentiate between gestational age and the severity of PIH when evaluating newborn hazards. Mitigating negative consequences requires effective management, which includes hypertension medication and preventative measures like low-dose aspirin. Furthermore, unequal prenatal care is necessary since healthcare inequities have a substantial impact on newborn health. To further understand and address the impact of PIH, future research should concentrate on standardized assessments and long-term neonatal outcomes.