Osteomyelitis of Jaws: A Narrative Review

Abstract Osteomyelitis of the jaws is a rare but potentially stubborn complication resulting from dental infections, trauma or compromised vascular supply. It is a localized infection more commonly seen in the immunocompromised patient, and usually affects the mandible more than the maxilla. Although it involves both the cancellous and cortical bone, strictly speaking, Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of the medullary portion and rarely stays confined to the endosteum. Oral microflora, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is the causative organism behind the disease and it is generally classified as either acute or chronic with varying clinical presentations. However, pain, swelling, fever and pus discharge can be considered the hallmark signs. Treatment generally involves surgical debridement and intensive antimicrobial therapy, however It’s unpredictability and possible complications, make it a subject of interest to clinicians and researchers all over the world.