Analyse the mechanical properties of flax-kenaf bio-fiber reinforced hybrid composites

The demand for sustainable production has increased interest in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This scientific research investigates the mechanical and physical performance of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with flax (FF) and kenaf (KF) fibers, focusing on the influence of flax fiber content. Composites were fabricated by compression moulding alkali-treated fibers using 20 wt% KF and 0–20 wt% FF. Increasing flax content enhanced mechanical performance, with the 20 wt% FF–20 wt% KF composite exhibiting the highest tensile, flexural, and impact strengths (107.8 MPa, 197.7 MPa, and 3.2 kJ/m2). FTIR confirmed chemical bonding and proper matrix curing, whereas SEM revealed improved fiber–matrix interface at 15 wt% FF and defect formation at higher loadings. Water absorption increased with fiber content, peaking at 23.4% for the 20 wt% FF composite, highlighting the trade-off between performance and durability. These findings support the use of sustainable natural-fiber composites for lightweight automotive and semi-structural applications, with further work needed to reduce moisture uptake.