Outcomes of Beinaglutide on Weight Loss in Patients With Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Beinaglutide, a new short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been investigated for use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of beinaglutide for weight loss and evaluate its safety profile in patients with T2DM or obesity. A systematic review search following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed across four databases for studies evaluating the weight loss effects of beinaglutide. A meta-analysis using SPSS program version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was conducted to analyze weight loss effects in T2DM or obesity populations. Nine studies (six randomized controlled trials, two prospective cohort studies, and one retrospective cohort study), comparing beinaglutide with other therapies such as metformin, insulin glargine, and lifestyle modifications, were included. A total of 1268 patients, with a mean age of 41.7 years (range: 25.4-53.3 years) and a mean follow-up of 47.6 weeks (range: 12-168 weeks), were included in this study. Meta-analysis for patients with obesity or T2DM showed weight reductions of 3.26 kg (95% CI: -4.03 to -2.49) and 6.52 kg (95% CI: -9.32 to -3.72), respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 382 (94.6%) participants receiving beinaglutide treatment (five studies). Beinaglutide demonstrated greater weight loss compared to placebo or active comparators but was associated with higher rates of AEs. Further long-term and comparative studies are needed to clarify its safety profile and potential advantages over current treatments.