Engineered Hollow Polymer Microspheres Based on β‐Cyclodextrin for High‐Capacity and Rapid Cationic Dye Adsorption

ABSTRACT The escalating release of organic dyes in industrial effluents threatens environmental and public health. This study synthesizes a β‐cyclodextrin‐maleic anhydride hollow crosslinked polymer (St‐DVB‐MA‐β‐CD) through radical copolymerization of styrene‐maleic anhydride (PMS) particles with divinylbenzene (DVB). The adsorbent demonstrates exceptional performance for cationic dye removal, surpassing benchmark materials. Within 10 min, > 90% removal efficiency was achieved for malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), astrazon pink FG (FG), and methylene blue (MB), indicating rapid adsorption kinetics. Maximum capacities reached 3896 mg/g (MG), 4036 mg/g (CV), 3869 mg/g (FG), and 3170 mg/g (MB). Adsorption conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, confirming monolayer chemisorption. Crucially, > 90% MG removal efficiency was preserved after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating robust reusability for dye removal.