Bladder dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A narrative review

DMD is a progressive muscle disease with urological complications. This review revealed a high prevalence of LUTS, including hesitancy, urgency, and incontinence, along with significant defecation issues. However, limited information is available on UTI, urolithiasis, quality of life, and treatment outcomes for these symptoms. Special attention is warranted for LUTS and bowel function. Multidisciplinary treatment including a paediatric urologist is beneficial.