Exhaust Strategy Optimization of Hydrogen Supply System for Vehicle Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained extensive applications in transportation due to their zero-emission and high energy efficiency. However, the accumulation of nitrogen at the anode during operation significantly degrades fuel cell stack performance. Conventional anode exhaust strategies, while addressing nitrogen build up, result in substantial hydrogen waste through the venting process. To address this challenge, this study introduces an enhanced hydrogen supply system incorporating both an ejector and a blower for PEMFCs. A hybrid strategy based on a multistrategy improved sparrow search algorithm (MISSA) was proposed to optimize the emission of the hydrogen supply system of fuel cells while minimizing nitrogen accumulation through mathematical modeling of the system dynamics. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the traditional exhaust strategy, the proposed strategy can significantly improve the performance of the fuel cell stack and reduce hydrogen consumption.