Insights into revision cochlear implant surgery: a state‐of‐the‐art review with a proposed management algorithm

Abstract Background Cochlear implants are the primary rehabilitation option for patients with severe to profound hearing loss. However, increased use has led to device failures, necessitating revision surgeries in 5% to 10% of cases, particularly in children due to factors like head trauma and otitis media. Objective This state-of-the-art review evaluates the causes, implications, current practices, and future directions of revision cochlear implant surgery. Methods A systematic search was conducted using defined research questions related to cochlear implants, revision surgeries, and outcomes. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Results Device failures were categorized as “hard” or “soft,” with hard failures being more common. Revision surgeries were primarily driven by medical complications (e.g., skin flap infections) and surgical issues (e.g., electrode misplacement). Children had a higher prevalence of reimplantation due to implant malfunctions, with successful cases showing stable or improved auditory performance post-surgery. Conclusion Addressing cochlear implant reimplantation challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including standardized protocols, multidisciplinary decision-making, and enhanced surgical training. Future advancements, such as artificial intelligence and regenerative medicine, could further improve outcomes. A proposed management algorithm aims to assist clinicians in decision-making for cochlear reimplantation, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and minimize unnecessary procedures.