ADVANCEMENTS IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA: NOVEL THERAPIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Introduction and Purpose: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL), is the most common form of progressive hair loss, significantly affecting men and women. FDA-approved treatments, such as minoxidil and finasteride, have limitations, including side effects and variable efficacy, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. Recent advancements introduce therapies targeting AGA’s mechanisms, offering hope for improved management. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search included keywords such as “androgenetic alopecia,” “male pattern hair loss,” “female pattern hair loss,” “minoxidil,” “finasteride,” “dutasteride mesotherapy,” “platelet-rich plasma” and “botulinum toxin.” Articles from the last five years were prioritized. State of Knowledge: Emerging therapies include low-dose oral minoxidil, topical finasteride, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesotherapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and botulinum toxin, offering improved adherence and fewer side effects. Experimental approaches, such as clascoterone, pyrilutamide, and stem cell-based therapies, focus on follicular regeneration and androgen receptor modulation. Advanced technologies like PROTAC and AI-driven designs aim for precision and minimal invasiveness. However, variability in studies and the lack of standardized protocols limit generalizability. Conclusions: Recent advancements in AGA therapies demonstrate significant potential, offering individualized, effective, and minimally invasive options. Standardized protocols and large-scale trials remain essential to validate efficacy and safety, paving the way for precision medicine in AGA management.