Identification of a novel SNP in BMP15 gene and its association with litter size in Damani goats

This study examines the BMP15 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15) gene as a potential genetic marker for reproductive traits, specifically litter size, in Damani goats. Genomic DNA was extracted from 180 Damani goats, and a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.557 G > A, was identified in the promoter region of BMP15. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the g.557 G > A SNP and litter size (P < 0.05), with individuals carrying the AA genotype exhibiting significantly larger litter sizes compared to GG and GA genotypes. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the g.557 G > A SNP creates new transcription factor binding sites (TBS) for FOXM1, FOXP3, FOXA1, AHR, and GATA4, all of which are key regulators of ovarian function and folliculogenesis. These TBS likely enhance BMP15 expression, influencing follicular development and contributing to the observed increase in litter size. Phylogenetic analysis across nine species demonstrated a high degree of sequence conservation, indicating that BMP15 plays a critical and conserved role in reproductive function across species. The findings suggest that the g.557 G > A SNP could serve as a valuable molecular marker for improving reproductive traits in Damani goats and highlight its broader potential for marker-assisted selection in livestock breeding, particularly to enhance fertility and reproductive efficiency in various goats species.