Assessing risks in air cold chain logistics for time- and temperature-sensitive products: A case of Taiwan

This study investigates critical hazards associated with air transportation within cold chain logistics, focusing on the delivery of time-sensitive and perishable goods. Despite the growing importance of maintaining strict temperature control, there is a notable gap in research specifically targeting hazards in air cold chain logistics. Through an extensive literature review, 15 key hazards were identified and systematically categorized into five major groups: shipper, aircraft, apron, warehouse, and customs. To quantitatively assess these hazards, a hybrid approach combining Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with a Rule-based Bayesian Network (RBN) was employed, complemented by sensitivity analysis to ensure model robustness. Results reveal that hazards related to the shipper, aircraft, and apron exert the greatest impact, highlighting the critical role these stakeholders play in maintaining cold chain integrity. Based on these findings, targeted recommendations are proposed to mitigate risks effectively. The insights gained aim to enhance operational performance and reliability in air cold chain logistics, thereby strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of the air cargo industry. This research helps bridge the existing knowledge gap and offers a practical framework for risk management in air cold chain transportation.