Law, Medicine, and Forensic Science: A Comprehensive Medico-Legal Analysis of Ethics, Liability, Mental Health, Reproductive Technologies, and Medical Negligence Ganesh Shrirang Nale (Central University of Haryana) & Dr. Priyanka Sambhaji Jadhavar (S

Title of the Article Law, Medicine, and Forensic Science: A Comprehensive Medico-Legal Analysis of Ethics, Liability, Mental Health, Reproductive Technologies, and Medical Negligence Author(s) and Affiliation(s) Ganesh Shrirang Nale¹¹ Department of Sociology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India Dr. Priyanka Sambhaji Jadhavar²² Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Description (Title, Authors, Affiliation with Full Abstract of the Article) Law, Medicine, and Forensic Science: A Comprehensive Medico-Legal Analysis of Ethics, Liability, Mental Health, Reproductive Technologies, and Medical NegligenceGanesh Shrirang Nale (Central University of Haryana) & Dr. Priyanka Sambhaji Jadhavar (Shivaji University, Kolhapur) Abstract:The relationship between law and medicine represents one of the most complex and evolving intersections in modern governance, ethics, and justice delivery. Medical practice today is no longer confined to therapeutic objectives alone; it operates within an extensive legal framework that regulates professional conduct, patient rights, public health, biomedical innovations, and accountability mechanisms. This article critically examines the medico-legal interface with special reference to forensic medicine, medical ethics, and legal liabilities arising from medical practice. It explores the significance of forensic evidence in the administration of justice, the role of medical witnesses, and the ethical foundations laid by the Hippocratic Oath and bioethics. The article analyzes statutory controls under the Indian Medical Council Act, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Transplantation of Human Organs Act, Mental Health Act, Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, and Consumer Protection legislation in India and England. Further, the paper discusses medical insanity and legal insanity, emphasizing the McNaughten Rules as the watershed between medical diagnosis and criminal responsibility. Medico-legal concepts of death, asphyxial deaths, and injury classification are examined alongside post-mortem procedures and inquest mechanisms. The evolving legal standards of consent, informed consent, confidentiality, and genetic information disclosure are analyzed in light of constitutional rights and medical negligence jurisprudence. Assisted reproductive technologies, surrogacy, organ transplantation, prenatal diagnostic techniques, and abortion laws are critically evaluated within ethical and legal frameworks. The article concludes by assessing tortious, contractual, civil, and criminal liabilities of medical professionals, including product liability for defective medicines, and emphasizes the need for harmonization between medical advancement and legal regulation to protect human dignity, patient autonomy, and justice.