Bridging science and policy towards integrated management of Urban plastic pollution: A global review of patterns, drivers, and solutions

Plastic pollution is an unavoidable challenge in the process of urban development. It poses significant threats to both residents and urban ecosystems, with reports indicating the presence of plastic in various environmental media. While local governments have made efforts to control plastic pollution, these measures often focus narrowly on disposable plastics and lack comprehensive coordination and guidance. This review aims to address these problems by integrating urban plastic pollution research, management strategies, and policy. The analysis reveals that current urban plastic pollution studies are mainly concentrated in East Asia and Europe. Furthermore, differences are observed in the size, color, and types of plastics across various locations. As an effective comparative analysis tool, meta-analysis demonstrates that plastics of different particle sizes exhibit similar distribution patterns. However, certain urban and suburban areas show plastic concentrations significantly higher than the global average in specific media. An examination of the relationships between GDP, population, and plastic pollution levels indicates no clear global correlation among these factors. However, at continental or national scales, a linear correlation becomes apparent. The review also lists tools and policies that offer practical solutions for managing urban plastic pollution in both developed and developing countries. Additionally, it highlights social forces that can be mobilized to support plastic pollution management. The findings provide targeted recommendations for global urban plastic pollution control, contributing to the development of a comprehensive system that integrates scientific research, investigation, and policy management. • Review integrates research, policy, and management of urban plastic pollution. • Meta-analysis shows similar plastic patterns across particle sizes. • Plastic levels vary by region; GDP and population show no global correlation. • Current policies lack coordination and focus mainly on disposable plastics. • Practical tools and social forces are identified for improved urban management.