The therapeutic readiness of probiotics in major depressive disorder: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Probiotics appear safe and well-tolerated, with modest adjunctive benefit in MDD, most evident for multi-strain formulations in younger, outpatient populations with mild-to-moderate symptoms, supporting an individualised, context-dependent approach. Future trials should stratify patients, extend intervention durations, and integrate mechanistic endpoints to refine patient-tailored recommendations.
Authors
- KC Chan
- L Lee
- Sivakumar Thurairajasingam
- Dinyadarshini Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-5388)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-6854)
- Gerard Clarke
- Jack Doorly
- Dinesh Sangarran Ramachandram
Institutions
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Monash University Malaysia (MY)
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China (CN)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2025-12-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251397332
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Gut microbiota and health
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.81