Risk Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic Exposure Through the Consumption of Four Marine Species From the Sea of Marmara

Concerns regarding inorganic arsenic pollution in the Sea of Marmara have recently grown. This study evaluated arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in four commonly consumed marine species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus trachurus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Parapenaeus longirostris, and Solea solea) and assessed health risks for consumers. Arsenic concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Shrimp and common sole had higher iAs concentrations than anchovy and horse mackerel. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for all species exceeded the updated EFSA benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL₀₅ = 0.06 μg/kg bw/day), suggesting a potential health concern under recommended consumption. Additionally, noncarcinogenic risks (THQ > 1) were identified for shrimp and common sole across all age groups. Carcinogenic risk assessments (TR > 1.0 × 10^-4) showed significant risks for shrimp, excluding children aged 1-3 years. Common sole posed carcinogenic risks for individuals aged 18 and above, while anchovy and horse mackerel were only risky for those aged 65 and above. These findings highlight the need for reliable monitoring programs to ensure seafood safety during environmental stressors like mucilage. While pelagic seafood from the Sea of Marmara is generally safe, efforts should focus on risk reduction and guidelines for safe and sustainable consumption.