Gaze strategy and sense of ownership in learning prosthetic control: a comparative study using wearable eye tracking

Short-term prosthetic training improved task performance and increased the sense of ownership across all groups. Body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis control showed characteristic differences in gaze strategies; however, these differences did not emerge as significant main effects of prosthesis type. Hand dominance also had no significant effects on gaze or blink-related measures. The findings suggest that training-induced changes, rather than prosthesis type or side of control, primarily shaped gaze behavior during early prosthetic learning. Participants with upper limb amputation demonstrated efficient gaze allocation and a strong sense of ownership, indicating possible adaptations associated with long-term prosthesis use.