M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: a leading scientific and educational center for the introduction, conservation and rational use of phytogenetic resources for the sustainable development and post-war recovery of Ukraine

The paper highlights the role of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) as a leading scientific and educational center for plant introduction, conservation, and rational use of phytogenetic resources, a role of primary importance for Ukraine’s sustainable development and post-war recovery. The historical formation of the institution and its contribution to the advancement of botanical science are outlined, particularly in the fields of plant introduction and acclimatization, dendrology, breeding, genetics, biotechnology, phytoenergetics, allelopathy, bioindication, and biodiversity conservation.The main directions of the NBG’s scientific research are presented. Particular attention is paid to the activities of scientific schools established within the NBG that have made significant contributions to the development of introduction, breeding, allelopathy, and biodiversity conservation. Scientific objects of the NBG holding the status of National Heritage of Ukraine are characterized, including: collections of tropical and subtropical plants, collections of floral and ornamental plants, monocultural gardens, and the collection fund of energy and aromatic plants. Their significance as genetic resources for breeding, scientific research, and environmental education is emphasized.The results of fundamental and applied research, international projects, and programs of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are provided. It is demonstrated that the NBG is one of the largest centers for the conservation of rare species of Ukrainian flora, where the scientific foundations for ex situ biodiversity conservation, modeling of introduction populations, and optimization of protection measures have been developed. Criteria for increasing plant adaptability to climate change and stress factors have been established, and new models for resistance research and approaches to increasing plant productivity have been developed.The strategic importance of the NBG as a center of science, education, and innovation is emphasized, ensuring the integration of fundamental research, applied development, and public outreach, thereby creating the conditions for ecological security, agricultural development, bioenergetics, and the strengthening of environmental consciousness within society.