Influence of magneto-thermal dynamics on energy and mass transport in bioconvective nanofluid flow over a spinning disk surface

Abstract The interaction of magnetic and thermal forces significantly modifies the motion and transport characteristics of bioconvective nanofluids on a rotating surface, facilitating progress in magnetic drug delivery systems, bioreactor efficiency, and precision cooling technologies in biomedical and microelectronic devices. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding buoyancy-driven forces, coupled with energy and concentration transport, which govern temperature and solutal distributions. The model, unlike conventional analysis, takes into account a spatially dependent heat source, thereby increasing system complexity. The study emphasizes the joint action of magnetic effects, radiative processes, and microbial activity on the surface modifications of the general transport. The resulting equations are solved using a shooting-based Runge–Kutta 4th-order process, revealing critical insights into the role of each parameter in the overall heat and mass transfer process. The magnetic field intensifies fluid motion, while variable heat sources and radiation increase skin friction; bioconvective and thermal parameters notably influence the distribution of microorganisms within the system. The results offer a deeper understanding of the interconnected phenomena in rotating disc systems, with significant implications for industrial and biological applications where microbial control and heat management play crucial roles.