Spectral properties of infinite convolutions generated by complete residue systems

Abstract Let μ denote the infinite convolution generated by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">{</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">}</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>k</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</m:mi> </m:msubsup> </m:math> {\{(N_{k},B_{k})\}_{k=1}^{\infty}} given by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:mmultiscripts> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> <m:none/> <m:none/> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:mmultiscripts> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">…</m:mi> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">⋯</m:mi> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo>*</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">⋯</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>,</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> \mu=\delta_{{N_{1}}^{-1}B_{1}}\ast\delta_{(N_{1}N_{2})^{-1}B_{2}}\ast\dots\ast% \delta_{(N_{1}N_{2}\cdots N_{k})^{-1}B_{k}}*\cdots, where <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> {B_{k}} is a complete residue system for each integer <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>k</m:mi> <m:mo>&gt;</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:math> {k&gt;0} . We write <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mrow>

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Forum Mathematicum
Published
2025-12-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1515/forum-2025-0035
Primary Topic
Mathematical Analysis and Transform Methods
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article
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article

Spectral properties of infinite convolutions generated by complete residue systems

Hong Bo Zhao, Jun Jie Miao
Forum Mathematicum
Mathematical Analysis and Transform Methods
article

Spectral properties of infinite convolutions generated by complete residue systems

Hong Bo Zhao, Jun Jie Miao
article en

Abstract

Abstract Let μ denote the infinite convolution generated by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">{</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">}</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>k</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</m:mi> </m:msubsup> </m:math> {\{(N_{k},B_{k})\}_{k=1}^{\infty}} given by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:mmultiscripts> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> <m:none/> <m:none/> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:mmultiscripts> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">…</m:mi> <m:mo>∗</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">⋯</m:mi> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>N</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>-</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:mrow> <m:mo>*</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">⋯</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>,</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> \mu=\delta_{{N_{1}}^{-1}B_{1}}\ast\delta_{(N_{1}N_{2})^{-1}B_{2}}\ast\dots\ast% \delta_{(N_{1}N_{2}\cdots N_{k})^{-1}B_{k}}*\cdots, where <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>B</m:mi> <m:mi>k</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> {B_{k}} is a complete residue system for each integer <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>k</m:mi> <m:mo>&gt;</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:math> {k&gt;0} . We write <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mrow>

Forum MathematicumVol. 38(4)
East China Normal University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Mathematical Analysis and Transform Methods
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