Gender-Based Passive and Active Representation: Systematic Analysis of the Literature

This study systematically reviews the literature to explore the conditions under which gender-based passive representation is translated into active representation. The findings reveal that women’s active representation varies across policy domains and hierarchical levels. Existing research, however, is largely confined to a narrow set of domains and countries, limiting the generalizability of conclusions. Moreover, systematic categorization of contextual moderators remains underdeveloped, restricting our understanding of the conditions facilitating this translation. To address this gap, this review highlights the need for future research to organize and investigate individual, organizational, and environmental factors that influence gender-based active representation, particularly within underexplored contexts.