Experimental and numerical study on bonded-bolted hybrid joints between Fe-SMA and steel plates

This study presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation on the mechanical performance of bonded-bolted hybrid joints (BHJs) connecting iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) plates to structural steel plates. A total of 18 specimens were designed to evaluate the influence of key parameters, including end distance, edge distance, Fe-SMA plate thickness, bolt diameter, and bolt layout. The experimental results revealed a two-stage load transfer mechanism, and a set of classification criteria was proposed to identify failure modes and typical behavioral patterns. A refined finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against the experimental results, capturing the progressive damage evolution and staged load-transfer mechanisms. Parametric studies further clarified the distinct roles of individual parameters in governing joint stiffness, load-carrying capacity, ductility, and strain distribution. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanical response of BHJs and provide a foundation for future design optimization and structural reinforcement applications. • A total of 18 bonded-bolted hybrid joint specimens were tested. • Failure modes and typical joint behaviors were classified. • Parametric studies revealed the effects of end distance, edge distance, plate thickness, bolt diameter, and bolt layout. • The developed finite element model captured the staged load-transfer behavior and failure patterns.