Fault feature extraction for centrifugal pump impellers via EMD and cyclic bispectral slicing

The vibration signal of early centrifugal pump impeller faults is a nonlinear, non-Gaussian, non-steady-state signal with inherent periodicity. These characteristics complicate the accurate extraction of fault features. This study aims to explore a novel feature extraction method for centrifugal pump impeller fault vibration signals. This method leverages the adaptive characteristics of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for multi-scale decomposition of the original vibration signal and separation of each intrinsic mode function (IMF). The cyclic bispectrum secondary slicing technique is introduced to perform high-order statistical purification of the noisy IMF, and the modulation frequency characterizing the fault is accurately isolated through optimized slicing parameters. In the analysis of actual centrifugal pump impeller vibration signals, this method effectively enhances the separability and anti-noise robustness of the modulation component. Furthermore, the extracted features are input into SVM, XGBoost, and 1D-CNN classification models, with test accuracies of 85.7%, 92.1%, and 95.7%, respectively, significantly outperforming the single-feature method.