Exploring Blockchain Applications Across the Green Hydrogen Supply Chain: Use Cases, Functionalities, and Implementation Potentials

To combat environmental pollution from excessive fossil fuel use, efforts are underway to shift toward carbon-free energy. Green hydrogen is seen as a crucial element of the energy transition. However, building a functioning hydrogen economy remains challenging, particularly in verifying renewable origin, managing certification processes, and enabling trustworthy data exchange across supply chain actors. Blockchain technology, in particular, offers significant potential to enable secure, decentralized, and verifiable data management within green hydrogen systems. This paper explores its application through a systematic literature review and an in-depth case study of selected industry projects. The results are synthesized into four application clusters that capture distinct functional roles of blockchain across production, certification, distribution, and consumption stages of the green hydrogen value chain.