A Review of EEG and Eye-Tracking Applications in Human-Robot Interaction Across Domains

With advances in electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking, these physiological sensing methods have become vital in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. This review systematically examines their applications across education, healthcare, industry, and social domains, covering both single-sensor uses and integrated EEG–eye-tracking studies. We analyze experimental designs, data synchronization, signal fusion, technical challenges, and potential benefits. This review highlights the importance of multimodal physiological data in improving HRI quality and effectiveness. This review provides practical guidance for leveraging emerging technologies to enhance user experiences, stimulate innovation, and shape future research in intelligent interactive systems through multimodal sensing.