Bridging the Gap in Humanoid Robot Design Using Echeloned Design Science Research

Amid digital transformation and AI-driven innovation, service systems demand adaptable solutions that integrate technical robustness with service delivery. This study investigates the design complexities of humanoid robots as service artifacts using echeloned Design Science Research (eDSR). By integrating a literature review with iterative stakeholder engagement, our research confronts fragmentation in design practices by bridging conceptual service and interaction design with technical modularity. Our contributions are threefold: 1) identifying critical research gaps through a review of 676 papers over the past decade, demonstrating the need for integrated service and technical design in humanoid robot development; 2) advancing DSR methods to conceptualize humanoid robots as versatile artifacts in digitalized environments; and 3) proposing validated design objectives and requirements via a mixed-method approach that synthesizes literature in-sights with expert perspectives from year-long collaboration. These contributions offer guidance for creating accessible, modular, and adaptable humanoid robots that enhance value creation in complex service ecosystems.