Enhancement of Hanwoo bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation using edible chitosan-starch scaffolds

The present study evaluated an edible tapioca starch-based scaffold for in vitro 3D culture of Hanwoo bovine muscle satellite cells (BMSCs). We fabricated biomimetic scaffolds comprising chitosan, tapioca starch, and gelatin, and examined the effect of starch concentration (1, 2, 3, and 4%) on scaffold properties and BMSCs behavior. Structural analysis indicated that as the starch concentration increased, the scaffold surfaces remained smooth, while internal porosity and water absorption also increased. These findings were confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as no statistical differences in mechanical properties were observed across the different starch concentrations. Cell attachment, proliferation, and viability were measured after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of culture. The results indicated that high starch concentrations led to significantly enhanced cell attachment, increased proliferation rates, and improved viability, likely due to improved medium absorption and nutrient and oxygen supplies ( P < 0.0001 ). Additionally, myotube-like structures were observed in cells cultured with the scaffold in a spinner flask, indicating the potential for differentiation. Given the growing importance of cell-based food production, the edibility and capability of the Chitosan/Tapioca scaffold to support 3D cell culture make it a strong candidate for such applications. Collectively, these findings support the in vitro potential of the edible chitosan-tapioca scaffold for 3D BMSCs culture and may inform advances in cell-based food research.