Accumulation of some heavy metals in the vegetative parts of Phragmites australis, which grow in polluted soil by oily wastewater discharged from Salah Al-Din oil refineries, Iraq

Environmental problems have consistently garnered significant attention from the scientific community. Pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination, represents a critical environmental concern with profound implications for human health. This study investigates the accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the roots, stems, and leaves of Phragmites australis plants grown in soils contaminated with these metals, The results showed that the highest concentration for (Pb. Cu. Cd and Ni) in roots which reached 0.771 ppm, 0.832 ppm, 0.094ppm and 0.062 ppm respectively while the lowest concentration was in the leaves of the plant which reached 0.378 ppm, 0.428 ppm, 0.064 ppm and 0.035 ppm for (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni) Respectively, results also indicated a direct correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in soil and in Plant Parts.