Bringing Lefebvre into dialogue with Shariati on everyday life: Space and Estehmar

This article brings Ali Shariati and Henri Lefebvre into dialogue to explore the everyday as a site of ideological contestation under capitalism. Through this comparative engagement, each thinker is reinterpreted in light of the other. While both critique the alienation of modern life, Shariati introduces Estehmar – a multi-dimensional condition of stupefaction encompassing economic, intellectual and spiritual subjugation. Lefebvre's materialist analysis of space and everyday life offers critical insights into capitalist modernity but often overlooks the existential and metaphysical dimensions that Shariati foregrounds. This synthesis advances a decolonial reading of everyday life that integrates structural critique with inner transformation as essential to emancipation.