5P Neutralizing antibodies as functional effectors and predictive biomarkers in oncolytic adenovirus therapy

Oncolytic adenoviruses are immunotherapeutic agents that selectively replicate in malignant cells, inducing direct oncolysis and reshaping the tumor microenvironment. While neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are known to limit viral vector efficacy, emerging evidence suggests they may also have a role in improving clinical outcomes. This study investigates the kinetics, composition, and functional roles of nAbs, and association with overall survival (OS) and response rate in patients treated with TILT-123 (igrelimogene litadenorepvec), an Ad5/3 oncolytic adenovirus encoding tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2.