Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Management for Sustainable Tourism Development

With the rapid growth and development of the tourism industry and its multidimensional impacts on the environment, health, and safety, the need for integrated and sustainable management frameworks has become more critical than ever. Previous research has tended to be unidimensional in focusing on one domain of tourism, while an obvious gap exists for work that is multidimension from a sustainable development perspective by examining these three key components together wwithin the context of sustainable tourism development. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and qualitative content analysis, this research reviews and analyzes studies published between 2010 and 2025 in reputable scientific databases, following the PRISMA framework. The findings reveal a complex, bidirectional, and sometimes cyclical relationship between tourism activities and the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) domains, where weaknesses or strengths in one can weaken or strengthen the others, ultimately decreasing or enhancing sustainability in the tourism industry. Risks arising from natural disasters, human threats, overcrowding, transportation, and technological hazards—along with health challenges and environmental degradation—highlight the necessity of establishing integrated HSE management systems. Finally, by combining systemic, stakeholder-oriented, risk-based, and adaptive approaches, this study proposes a conceptual framework for HSE management in sustainable tourism. The findings emphasize the adoption of modern technologies, continuous training, cross-sectoral partnerships, coordinated policymaking, and localization of HSE models, suggesting that implementing the proposed conceptual framework could pave the way for resilient, safe, and responsible tourism development in countries such as Iran.