Relationship between Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Analysis of the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, but its relationship with vitamin D and MetS is unclear.Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and MetS in Korean adults.This study included 4,785 adults aged 20 or older using the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.After adjusting for related variables (except age), the 25(OH)D level was not associated with MetS.On the other hand, after adjusting for age, the mean 25(OH)D value was lower in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group in men (P=0.001) and women (P<0.001).After adjusting for the related variables (except age), vitamin D deficiency was not associated with MetS.Further adjusting for age, compared to the non-MetS group, showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of a vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D<10 ng/mL] in the MetS group in men (OR, 1.722; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.110~2.670)and women (OR, 1.702; 95% CI, 1.035~2.798)than in the non-MetS group.MetS was inversely associated with the vitamin D levels in Korean men and women and was positively associated with a vitamin D deficiency.