BEnchmarking Large Language Models for Ophthalmology (BELO): An Expert-Curated Data Set and Evaluation Framework for Knowledge and Reasoning
The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Authors
- Michelle Hui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9237-926X)
- Yiming Kong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-7152)
- Jocelyn Hui Lin Goh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-6081)
- Dianbo Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-9161)
- Mark A. Chia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0339-5186)
- Qingyu Chen
- David Ziyou Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-3100)
- Wendy Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-250X)
- Chen‐Hsin Sun
- Evelyn X. Fu
- Kelvin Zhenghao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-5118)
- Thaddaeus Wai Soon Lo
- Guang Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5271-7079)
- Ron Afshari Adelman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-3551)
- Krithi Pushpanathan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-8489)
- Jost Bruno Jonas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227)
- Sahana Srinivasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9355-6717)
- Amisha Dave (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-8309)
- Ke Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-9859)
- Samantha Min Er Yew
- Fares Antaki
- Wan Ting Loke
- Kristen Nwanyanwu
- Yih-Chung Tham
- Hyunjae Kim
- Lucian V. Del Priore
- Yibing Chen
- Aidan Gilson
- Minjie Zou
- Maxwell Singer
- Mingjia Yang
- Xuguang Ai
Institutions
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Singapore National Eye Center (SG)
- Jacksonville College (US)
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital (SG)
- Yale University (US)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SG)
- Duke-NUS Medical School (SG)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital (GB)
- Cleveland Eye Clinic (US)
- University College London (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Ophthalmology Science
- Published
- 2025-12-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2025.101050
- Primary Topic
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00