Explosion Pattern Changes in Butane Canisters with RVR-type Explosion Prevention Devices According to Storage Orientation and Heating Condition

In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of storage orientation, heating position, heating rate, and filling amount on the explosion behavior of disposable butane canisters equipped with Rim Vent Release (RVR) safety devices. Tests were conducted with canisters placed upright, inverted, and horizontally, while varying the heating location (gas phase, liquid phase, and bottom plate) and filling levels (100%, 30%). The results showed that localized heating frequently caused structural failure before RVR activation, especially under conditions of gas-phase heating, low filling levels, and rapid heating rates. In several cases, the RVR failed to operate when submerged in liquid butane or when internal pressure thresholds were not reached uniformly. Horizontal placement also showed a high incidence of sidewall rupture, highlighting the risk of irregular damage patterns during real accident scenarios. These findings underscore the importance of considering multiple interacting factors in the failure mechanisms of butane canisters and provide valuable insights for improving safety design standards and forensic failure analysis.