Practice effects persist over two decades of cognitive testing: Implications for longitudinal research
PEs persist across multiple assessments and decades, even with long testing intervals. Importantly, even very small PEs can shift scores below the impairment threshold, resulting in earlier detection and diagnosis of MCI. Additionally, we previously showed that PE-adjusted MCI diagnosis increases accuracy based on biomarker concordance and would dramatically reduce costs and length of clinical trials by reducing necessary sample size and increasing power. These results underscore the importance of accounting for PEs in longitudinal studies.
Authors
- Mark Sanderson‐Cimino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-3186)
- Erik Buchholz
- Tyler Bell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-5995)
- Christine Fennema‐Notestine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-6361)
- Jeremy A. Elman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-1769)
- Ruth McKenzie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-4174)
- Nathan Whitsel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-4903)
- Rosemary Toomey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5981-6934)
- Michael J. Lyons (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-9219)
- Carol E. Franz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755)
- Chandra A Reynolds
- for the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
- Matthew S. Panizzon
- Rouhui Chen
- Xin M Tu
- William S. Kremen
Institutions
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Merrimack College (US)
- University Memory and Aging Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Alzheimer s & Dementia
- Published
- 2025-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70857_106014
- Primary Topic
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00