Exploring Cause of Death for Patients who Initially Present with Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech

Most deaths in PPAOS resulted from systemic failure or dysphagia-related complications. Half of the patients died without a clear precipitating event, described by family members as "shutting down," similar to other prior studies that have shown central nervous system deterioration associated with dementia as cause of death. Aspiration pneumonia caused 34% of deaths, highlighting the need for early swallowing management, including assessments, dietary adjustments, and caregiver education. Falls underscore the importance of addressing balance and motor impairments through proactive prevention strategies. Other factors, such as access to healthcare and medical and psychiatric comorbidities were not analyzed but may influence outcomes. Future research should validate these findings in larger, diverse cohorts and compare outcomes to motor-onset presentations of PSP and CBS. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach addressing motor speech impairments, dysphagia, and fall risks is essential to improve care and potentially extend survival for patients with PPAOS.