Regular Biomechanical Assessment of Gymnastics Students for Injury Prevention in Balance Skills

This study aimed to evaluate the regular biomechanical performance of gymnastics students in handstand and headstand skills and to examine its role in injury prevention. The study sample consisted of 60 students selected using purposive random sampling from gymnastics classes. A descriptive-analytical survey methodology was employed, utilizing skill-based and biomechanical tests to measure joint angles, body alignment, center of gravity, and stability during the performance of both skills, in addition to injury recording forms. The results indicated that the handstand skill is more mechanically demanding and less stable compared to the headstand. The mean stability time for the handstand was 12.45 seconds (SD = 3.18), compared to 18.70 seconds (SD = 4.05) for the headstand. Significant deviations were observed in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and trunk joint angles during the handstand performance. The headstand, on the other hand, showed excessive loading on the neck and cervical spine for some students. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between biomechanical deviations and reduced stability on one side, and higher injury indicators on the other, confirming the preventive role of regular biomechanical assessment. Furthermore, t-test results indicated significant differences in stability between the two skills, favoring the headstand. The study concluded that regular biomechanical assessment is an effective tool for improving skill performance quality, early detection of mechanical errors, and reducing injury risk among gymnastics students. Based on these findings, the study recommended adopting biomechanical assessments in training programs, correcting joint alignment during performance, developing supportive muscle strength, and raising coaches’ awareness about providing scientifically-based feedback.