Investigating the Ossification and Fusion of the Fifth Metatarsal Apophysis Using Computed Tomography and Plain Radiography

This cross-sectional study provides contemporary descriptive reference data for staging development of the fifth metatarsal apophysis and an updated account of its morphology. These observations may assist radiographic interpretation in adolescents; however, the study was not designed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy or clinical outcomes. Further clinical validation is needed before using these data to guide diagnosis or to reduce misclassification of fractures versus apophysitis.