Comparative Analysis of the Oviducts in Wanyue Black Pigs with Different Parities Based on RNA-Seq

This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying parity's impact on sow reproductive function by comparing the transcriptome profiles of high-parity (9 parities) and low-parity (1 parity) Wanyue Black pigs. Oviduct tissues were collected and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the DESeq2 algorithm. A total of 4218 DEGs were detected, with 2421 up-regulated and 1797 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis using GO and KEGG revealed that these DEGs were significantly associated with reproductive pathways, including cilium movement, oocyte maturation, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted key genes such as HSD3B1 and DNAI1, which play central roles in the parity differences. The expression patterns of selected candidate genes were further validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data, confirming the reliability of our findings. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation of parity in sows and offers a theoretical basis for optimizing reproductive management and breeding strategies in pig production.