Co-creating intergenerational knowledge about Hawaiian moi ( <i>Polydactylus sexfilis</i> ) reproductive cycles in a changing climate

Moi (Polydactylus sexfilis) is a highly valued resource species in Hawai'i, traditionally monitored by lawai'a (fishers) and konohiki (managers of ahupua'a land divisions). Moi experienced significant declines in the mid-20th century, prompting a seasonal fishing ban aligned with then-recorded spawning periods. Master lawai'a and konohiki, Uncle Mac Poepoe, recently observed spawning season changes, likely due to habitat degradation and environmental stressors, indicating that the ban is not effective for protecting moi during extended spawning periods. In response, Uncle Mac formed Nā Kai 'Ewalu, a collective of lawai'a, to study these changes across islands. This paper details the research process, priorities and methodologies rooted in Indigenous knowledge and driven by Kanaka 'Ōiwi (Native Hawaiians). Here we showcase our approach: a synchronized lawai'a monitoring network and trans-disciplinary collaboration to inform effective fishing regulations and adaptive management in the face of an uncertain climate and human coastal impact. Our Indigenous-led research uses traditional knowledge and conventional biology to steward biocultural resources, offering a model for fisheries management globally.