Comparative Evaluation of Bioceramic Sealer Penetration into Lateral Canals Using Different Obturation Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: We aimed to estimate the penetration depth of three calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers, including Bio-C, One-Fil, and Total Fill Hi-Flow, into simulated apical lateral canals using three obturation techniques. Methods: Ninety standardized resin blocks with anatomically simulated lateral canals were instrumented and randomly allocated to three main groups ( n = 30) based on the sealer used, each further subdivided into three subgroups ( n = 10) according to the obturation techniques employed: single-cone, continuous-wave, and carrier-based. Sealer penetration was measured using digital stereomicroscopy and analyzed with ImageJ software. Results: Sealer type ( P < 0.001) and obturation technique ( P < 0.001) significantly affected the penetration depth. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences for all sealer types ( P < 0.001). Regarding obturation technique, post hoc comparisons showed no significant difference only between wave vertical compaction and carrier-coated techniques ( P = 0.635). Conclusion: Total Fill Hi-Flow sealer consistently showed greater penetration across all techniques. This outcome could be explained by differences in viscosity, particle size, or dentin interaction.