Continuous sPatial‐temporal deformable image registration and 4D frame interpolation

By leveraging the continuous representations, the CPT-DIR method enhances registration and interpolation accuracy, automation, and speed. The method achieves high accuracy on intra-fractional thoracic datasets and demonstrates improved performance over conventional methods in more challenging inter-fractional abdominal registration scenarios, highlighting its potential for robust applications in radiotherapy. The improved efficiency and accuracy of CPT-DIR make it particularly suitable for real-time adaptive radiotherapy applications.