Nano-Arsenal from the rainforest: Self-nanoemulsifying RFO (red fruit oil) for potent antimicrobial activity

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing red fruit oil (RFO). Antimicrobial assays against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus included inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and optical density (OD625) tests. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The results showed that RFO-SNEDDS selectively inhibited Gram-negative bacteria. The strongest effect was observed against Salmonella typhimurium, while sparing Lactobacillus acidophilus. These evidences emphasize the potential of RFO-SNEDDS as a natural antimicrobial with selective action.