Simulating Public Ecological Product Supply Systems: An Agent-Based Model Integrating Government, Enterprises, Public and ENGO

Public ecological products constitute the most fundamental public goods supporting human well-being. Enhancing the high-quality supply of public ecological products is critical for maintaining ecological safety, ensuring the ecological regulation function, and promoting the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. To deeply investigate the supply process and behavioral mechanisms of public ecological products, this study constructs a simulation model based on Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) to simulate the behavior rules and dynamic processes of four main subjects involved in the supply of public ecological products: government, enterprises, the public, and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). After calibrating the model parameters with relevant data from the water production and supply industry in Beijing, the good fit of the model output results verifies the effectiveness of the model. This study reveals the operating mechanism of multi-subject collaborative supply of public ecological products, providing a basic model for investigating the mechanism and evolution process of ecological product supply under more complex conditions, and also providing a powerful tool for the ex-ante evaluation of the implementation effect of public ecological product supply policies.