Progress and Prospects of Fe-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloy in Azo Dye Wastewater Treatment

Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys possess unique structural features, combining disordered amorphous matrices with embedded nanocrystalline phases. This dual-phase architecture endows them with excellent catalytic activity, making them promising candidates for the degradation of azo dye pollutants in wastewater. Given the urgent need to treat azo dye-containing wastewater from the textile industry, Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys have attracted considerable attention as promising catalysts for wastewater remediation. In recent years, numerous studies have been published highlighting their catalytic performance and development potential in environmental applications. Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys exhibit high catalytic activity, low material cost, and excellent environmental compatibility, making them highly promising catalysts for wastewater treatment applications. This Review summarizes recent advances in the application of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys as catalysts for the treatment of azo dye-containing wastewater. It focuses on the preparation methods of amorphous and amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys, their catalytic degradation performance, key influencing factors, and representative chemical approaches for azo dye removal. In addition, the challenges associated with the practical application of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline catalysts are discussed along with perspectives on future research directions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their catalytic potential and to promote further development of these materials for environmental remediation.